However, in 2006 it imposed a limit of 150, while also allowed recreational hunting for the first time. [93] For subadult bears, which are independent of their mother but have not yet gained enough experience and body size to successfully hunt seals, scavenging the carcasses from other bears' kills is an important source of nutrition. Polar bear news, and video clips from BBC programmes past and present. [73], Mature bears tend to eat only the calorie-rich skin and blubber of the seal, which are highly digestible,[92] whereas younger bears consume the protein-rich red meat. [202][203] Some estimates of the global population are around 5,000 to 10,000 in the early 1970s;[204] other estimates were 20,000 to 40,000 during the 1980s. WordSense.eu Dictionary: maritimus - meaning, definition, synonyms, origin. They may also eat plants, including berries, roots, and kelp;[109] however, none of these have been a significant part of their diet,[100] except for beachcast marine mammal carcasses. Since an attack on a walrus tends to be an extremely protracted and exhausting venture, bears have been known to back down from the attack after making the initial injury to the walrus. Only 5% of all animal species are vertebrates. 7 Jan. 2021. [149], Their distinctive appearance and their association with the Arctic have made polar bears popular icons, especially in those areas where they are native. Seals migrate in response to these changes, and polar bears must follow their prey. Ten of the sows had a cub swim with them and after a year, six cubs survived. Thus "Ursus maritimus" can be translated into "bear of the sea". [60] The pads of the paws are covered with small, soft papillae (dermal bumps), which provide traction on the ice. The major division of kingdom animalia is vertebrates and invertebrates. Find more similar words at wordhippo.com! This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. The name is derived from the Latin ursus, meaning bear. If the seal does not notice, the bear creeps to within 9 to 12 m (30 to 40 ft) of the seal and then suddenly rushes forth to attack. [64] Polar bears gradually moult from May to August,[65] but, unlike other Arctic mammals, they do not shed their coat for a darker shade to provide camouflage in summer conditions. Favorite Answer (m) The name Ursus maritimus is Latin - "Ursus" means "bear" and "maritimus" means "sea". For other uses, see, "Ice Bear" redirects here. FA levels of each trait were compared between sex/age groups (subadults, adult females, adult males), periods (< 1960, > 1960), and localities (East Greenland, Svalbard). They were also diving to feed on blue mussels and other underwater food sources like the green sea urchin. Polar bears hunt their preferred food of seals from the edge of sea ice, often living off fat reserves when no sea ice is present. Ursus maritimus m. A taxonomic species within the family Ursidae – the polar bear, a species of bear that is native to the Arctic and the apex predator within its range.. References . [36][48] The polar bear tends to frequent areas where sea ice meets water, such as polynyas and leads (temporary stretches of open water in Arctic ice), to hunt the seals that make up most of its diet. Rising temperatures cause the sea ice to melt earlier in the year, driving the bears to shore before they have built sufficient fat reserves to survive the period of scarce food in the late summer and early fall. A. Baker, M. E. Obbard, and B. Malloch, eds.). [173], The Soviet Union banned the harvest of polar bears in 1956; however, poaching continued, and is estimated to pose a serious threat to the polar bear population. Polar bear definition, a large white bear, Ursus maritimus, of the arctic regions. Their concentrations in polar bear tissues continued to rise for decades after being banned, as these chemicals spread through the food chain. Polar bears are studied to gain understanding of what is happening throughout the Arctic, because at-risk polar bears are often a sign of something wrong with the Arctic marine ecosystem. [40], The range includes the territory of five nations: Denmark (Greenland), Norway (Svalbard), Russia, the United States (Alaska) and Canada. [149] Traditional subsistence hunting was on a small enough scale to not significantly affect polar bear populations, mostly because of the sparseness of the human population in polar bear habitat. [73], Researchers tracked 52 sows in the southern Beaufort Sea off Alaska with GPS system collars; no boars were involved in the study due to males' necks being too thick for the GPS-equipped collars. Reasonator; PetScan; Scholia; Statistics; Search depicted; Subcategories. Due to their position at the top of the ecological pyramid, with a diet heavy in blubber in which halocarbons concentrate, their bodies are among the most contaminated of Arctic mammals. Your name of Maritimus indicates you are a very capable, systematic, and thorough person with talents for mechanics, accounting, computers, teaching, law, construction, and similar fields. The bear family, Ursidae, is thought to have split from other carnivorans about 38 million years ago. [170], Because of the way polar bear hunting quotas are managed in Canada, attempts to discourage sport hunting would actually increase the number of bears killed in the short term. Like the brown bear, most ungulate prey of polar bears is likely to be young, sickly or injured specimens rather than healthy adults. [90] The evolutionary pressure of polar bear predation on seals probably accounts for some significant differences between Arctic and Antarctic seals. tyrannus was significantly larger than the living subspecies. [19] However, evidence of hybrids between polar bears and brown bears, and of the recent evolutionary divergence of the two species, does not support the establishment of this separate genus, and the accepted scientific name is now therefore Ursus maritimus, as Phipps originally proposed. Example sentences containing Ursus Maritimus [223] The panserbjørne of Philip Pullman's fantasy trilogy His Dark Materials are sapient, dignified polar bears who exhibit anthropomorphic qualities, and feature prominently in the 2007 film adaptation of The Golden Compass. NCBI Ursus maritimus Annotation Release 100. Annual ice contains areas of water that appear and disappear throughout the year as the weather changes. Meaning: White bear of Arctic regions. [2], There are several reasons for the apparent discordance between past and projected population trends: estimates from the 1950s and 1960s were based on stories from explorers and hunters rather than on scientific surveys. ", "Magic Number: a Sketchy "Fact" About Polar Bears Keeps Going...And Going... And Going", "Nunavut MLAs condemn U.S. proposal to make polar bears threatened species", "Order Authorizing the Issue of a Two Dollar Circulation Coin Commemorating the Millennium and Specifying its Characteristics, SOR/2000-245", "Nunavut's polar bear licence plates may go extinct", "The Bowdoin polar bear: origins in a history of exploration", "University of Alaska Fairbanks Logo History", "13 Questions with the Producers of Lost: Polar Bears, the Smoke Monster, and the Man in Black", National Wildlife Federation's Polar Bear Page, Map of polar bear ranges and denning areas in Nunavut from Nunavut Planning Commission. Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms. Wikispecies ; Ursus maritimus on Wikimedia Commons. Fifty long-distance swims were recorded; the longest at 354 kilometres (220 mi), with an average of 155 kilometres (96 mi). [25] The mtDNA of extinct Irish brown bears is particularly close to polar bears. The skulls of killed polar bears were buried at sacred sites, and altars, called sedyangi, were constructed out of the skulls. This subpopulation feeds heavily on ringed seals in late spring, when newly weaned and easily hunted seal pups are abundant. The bear was able to reach the truck and tore one of the doors off the truck before Hoshino was able to drive off. During the same time periods, DDT was found to be notably lower in the Western Hudson Bay population only. [78], Females begin to breed at the age of four years in most areas, and five years in the area of the Beaufort Sea. [117], Courtship and mating take place on the sea ice in April and May, when polar bears congregate in the best seal hunting areas. We truly appreciate your support. 1 decade ago. The Canadian two-dollar coin carries an image of a lone polar bear on its reverse side, while a special millennium edition featured three. [98] It can kill an adult walrus (Odobenus rosmarus),[95][99] although this is rarely attempted. Ursus groenlandicus [125] Adult bears of either gender occasionally kill and eat polar bear cubs. [106][107], Although seal predation is the primary and an indispensable way of life for most polar bears, when alternatives are present they are quite flexible. Pronunciation of Ursus Maritimus and it's etymology. The dental formula is 3.1.4.23.1.4.3. Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) will take eggs and young on occasion (Haney & MacDonald 1995). The vast, ice-covered ocean known as the Arctic actually has etymological roots in the ancient Greek word, ἄρκτος, meaning bear. For decades, large-scale hunting raised international concern for the future of the species, but populations rebounded after controls and quotas began to take effect. [141][142] A rather unlikely killer of a grown polar bear has reportedly included a wolverine (Gulo gulo), anecedotely reported to have suffocated a bear in a zoo with a bite to the throat during a conflict. WordGame. This kind of social interaction is uncommon; it is far more typical for polar bears to behave aggressively towards dogs. [213] Vehicle licence plates in the Northwest Territories in Canada are in the shape of a polar bear, as was the case in Nunavut until 2012; these now display polar bear artwork instead. [109] Here, their food ecology shows their dietary flexibility. [128] In most areas, cubs are weaned at two and a half years of age, when the mother chases them away or abandons them. Ursus: a genus of bears in the family Ursidae. Cranial variation in polar bears. All animals in the world eat other animals to survive and that is how the entire kingdom exists. [2], Steven Amstrup and other U.S. Geological Survey scientists have predicted two-thirds of the world's polar bears may disappear by 2050, based on moderate projections for the shrinking of summer sea ice caused by climate change,[90][190] though the validity of this study has been debated. While not unheard of but still uncommon, polar bears have been sighted increasingly in larger numbers ashore, staying on the mainland for longer periods of time during the summer months, particularly in North Canada, traveling farther inland. Sex (M = male, F = female), treatment group, number of days at the facility before 1st biopsy (paren-theses: number of days fed only herring) and mass at time of sampling of 21 newly weaned harbour seals in the feeding study. During the swim, the bear lost 22% of her body mass and her yearling cub died. [70], The polar bear is an excellent swimmer and often will swim for days. The phrase is Polar bears are thought to have diverged from a population of brown bears that became iso… This is an extreme trip where we stay outside the whole day. Research of injury patterns in polar bear forelimbs found injuries to the right forelimb to be more frequent than those to the left, suggesting, perhaps, right-handedness. [165] The guiding of sport hunters provides meaningful employment and an important source of income for northern communities in which economic opportunities are few. [36], In addition to creating nutritional stress, a warming climate is expected to affect various other aspects of polar bear life: changes in sea ice affect the ability of pregnant females to build suitable maternity dens. It is the largest extant bear species, as well as the largest extant land carnivore. [39] In recent years, polar bears have approached coastal villages in Chukotka more frequently due to the shrinking of the sea ice, endangering humans and raising concerns that illegal hunting would become even more prevalent. The polar bear was previously considered to be in its own genus, Thalarctos. 1. [145][146], Polar bears have long provided important raw materials for Arctic peoples, including the Inuit, Yupik, Chukchi, Nenets, Russian Pomors and others. Add Definition. PCBs have received the most study, and they have been associated with birth defects and immune system deficiency. While the algae is harmless to the bears, it is often a worry to the zoos housing them, and affected animals are sometimes washed in a salt solution, or mild. Polar bears sometimes have problems with various skin diseases that may be caused by mites or other parasites. U.m. [138] Adult polar bears are occasionally vulnerable to predation by orcas (Orcinus orca) while swimming, but they are rarely reported as taken and bears are likely to avoid entering the water if possible if they detect an orca pod in the area. Get instant definitions for any word that hits you anywhere on the web! [113] Although ungulates are not typical prey, the killing of one during the summer months can greatly increase the odds of survival during that lean period. The killing of females and cubs was made illegal in 1965. Information and translations of ursus maritimus in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Meaning of Ursus Maritimus with illustrations and photos. Depending on the timing of ice-floe breakup in the fall, she may have fasted for up to eight months. They still manage to consume some seals, but they are food-deprived in summer as only marine mammal carcasses are an important alternative without sea ice, especially carcasses of the beluga whale. Because of their dependence on the sea ice, polar bears are classified as marine mammals. The English … [171], In Greenland, hunting restrictions were first introduced in 1994 and expanded by executive order in 2005. ", "WWF — Polar bear status, distribution & population", "Bear hunting caught in global warming debate", "Ask the experts: Are polar bear populations increasing? [26] A comparison of the nuclear genome of polar bears with that of brown bears revealed a different pattern, the two forming genetically distinct clades that diverged approximately 603,000 years ago,[27] although the latest research is based on analysis of the complete genomes (rather than just the mitochondria or partial nuclear genomes) of polar and brown bears, and establishes the divergence of polar and brown bears at 400,000 years ago. Polar bear fieldwork can also be hazardous to researchers. Ursus Maritimus: 1 n white bear of Arctic regions Synonyms: Thalarctos maritimus , ice bear , polar bear Type of: bear massive plantigrade carnivorous or omnivorous … The male's ornamental foreleg hair is thought to attract females, serving a similar function to the lion's mane. This translates as, ursus meaning “bear” and maritimus meaning “of the sea, maritime”. [214] The polar bear is the mascot of Bowdoin College, Maine; the University of Alaska Fairbanks; and the 1988 Winter Olympics held in Calgary. [33][34][35] One alleged fossil subspecies has been identified: Ursus maritimus tyrannus, which became extinct during the Pleistocene. Contextual translation of "ursus maritimus" into English. niedźwiedź biały { noun masculine } white bear of Arctic regions. After killing the animal, its head and skin were removed and cleaned and brought into the home, and a feast was held in the hunting camp in its honor. [53] The polar bear is among the most sexually dimorphic of mammals, surpassed only by the pinnipeds such as elephant seals. We're doing our best to make sure our content is useful, accurate and safe.If by any chance you spot an inappropriate image within your search results please use this form to let us know, and we'll take care of it shortly. [42], Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been implemented only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area. The family remains in the den until mid-February to mid-April, with the mother maintaining her fast while nursing her cubs on a fat-rich milk. Jump to navigation Jump to search. This trip is 2 hours longer than our Ursus Maritimus – King of the Arctic trip, meaning that we will get more time on the east coast. Then they begin the long walk from the denning area to the sea ice, where the mother can once again catch seals. [4] However, recent reanalysis of the fossil suggests that it was actually a brown bear. This specimen, when mounted, stood 3.39 m (11 ft 1 in) tall on its hindlegs. The 42 teeth of a polar bear reflect its highly carnivorous diet. It has been claimed that polar bears will be able to adapt to terrestrial food sources as the sea ice they use to hunt seals disappears. For about 12 to 15 days, the family spends time outside the den while remaining in its vicinity, the mother grazing on vegetation while the cubs become used to walking and playing. [69], The polar bear has an extremely well developed sense of smell, being able to detect seals nearly 1.6 km (1 mi) away and buried under 1 m (3 ft) of snow. [149], In the first half of the 20th century, mechanized and overpoweringly efficient methods of hunting and trapping came into use in North America as well. [212] Only once the spirit was appeased was the skull be separated from the skin, taken beyond the bounds of the homestead, and placed in the ground, facing north. Ursus maritimus tyrannus was the first polar bear and evolved sometime in the mid-Pleistocene. The late spring hunting season ends for polar bears when the ice begins to melt and break up, and they fast or eat little during the summer until the sea freezes again. [225], This article is about the animal. [88] The Arctic is home to millions of seals, which become prey when they surface in holes in the ice in order to breathe, or when they haul out on the ice to rest. STANDS4 LLC, 2021. A polar bear may charge a group of walruses, with the goal of separating a young, infirm, or injured walrus from the pod. When the seal exhales, the bear smells its breath, reaches into the hole with a forepaw, and drags it out onto the ice. [78] Many attacks by brown bears are the result of surprising the animal, which is not the case with the polar bear. Ursus Maritimus - white bear of Arctic regions ice bear, polar bear, Thalarctos maritimus bear - … Increased human-bear interactions, including fatal attacks on humans, are likely to increase as the sea ice shrinks and hungry bears try to find food on land. An oil spill in the Arctic would most likely concentrate in the areas where polar bears and their prey are also concentrated, such as sea ice leads. During these four months, the pregnant female eats prodigious amounts of food, gaining at least 200 kg (440 lb) and often more than doubling her body weight. As maritime means 'of the sea' - sea bear would be your answer. Ursus labradorensis Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. Polar bears hunt seals from a platform of sea ice. Ursus eogroenlandicus These alternatives may reduce the rate of weight loss of bears when on land. Academic disciplines Business Concepts Crime Culture Economy Education Energy Events Food and drink Geography Government Health Human behavior Humanities Knowledge Law Life Mind Objects Organizations People Philosophy Society Sports Universe World Arts Lists Glossaries. Polar bears appear to be less affected by infectious diseases and parasites than most terrestrial mammals. The permit process required that the bear be taken from an area with quotas based on sound management principles. ursus maritimus Essay Examples. Of these, indicators of body condition, disease and Wildlife health parasite exposure, contaminant exposure, and reproductive success were ranked as most important. The bears then proceeded to cache the carcasses, which remained and were eaten during the ice-free summer and autumn. When kept in captivity in warm, humid conditions, the fur may turn a pale shade of green due to algae growing inside the guard hairs. Fossils show that between 10,000 and 20,000 years ago, the polar bear's molar teethchanged significantly from those of the brown bear. [55] When pregnant, however, females can weigh as much as 500 kg (1,100 lb). This hibernation-like state does not consist of continuous sleeping; however, the bear's heart rate slows from 46 to 27 beats per minute. (0.8% in the 1970s, 7.1% in the 1980s, and 14.6% in the 1990s)[165] Nunavut polar bear biologist, Mitchell Taylor, who was formerly responsible for polar bear conservation in the territory, has insisted that bear numbers are being sustained under current hunting limits. [15][13] The Yupik also refer to the bear as nanuuk in Siberian Yupik. This status was re-evaluated and confirmed in April 1999, November 2002, and April 2008. Polar bears continue to be listed as a species of special concern in Canada because of their sensitivity to overharvest and because of an expected range contraction caused by loss of Arctic sea ice. Ursus maritimus ("sea bear") is the scientific name for a polar bear. What does ursus maritimus mean? Historically, the polar bear has also been known as the "white bear". Web. Wikimedia Commons The Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) is an apex carnivore found throughout the ice-covered coastal regions of the Arctic. [10], Because of expected habitat loss caused by climate change, the polar bear is classified as a vulnerable species. [49] Freshwater is limited in these environments because it is either locked up in snow or saline. Although stereotyped as being voraciously aggressive, they are normally cautious in confrontations, and often choose to escape rather than fight. [126][127] As of 2006, in Alaska, 42% of cubs were reaching 12 months of age, down from 65% in 1991. [82] Chemical communication can also be important: bears leave behind their scent in their tracks which allow individuals to keep track of one another in the vast Arctic wilderness. The polar bear also hunts by stalking seals resting on the ice: upon spotting a seal, it walks to within 90 m (100 yd), and then crouches. He chose the scientific name Ursus maritimus, the Latin for 'maritime bear' due to the animal's native habitat. [74], Unlike brown bears, polar bears are not territorial. 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