Major active faults such as the Hayward Fault are associated with many hazards. Nearly all transform faults are in the deep sea, but the major ones on land are noteworthy and dangerous, such as … The Hayward fault is a transform or strike-slip fault that moves sideways, rather than the more common faults that move up on one side and down on the other. NCGS Commemorates the 1906 Great Earthquake by Walking…the Hayward Fault! It is located within its central section, between the latitudes of San Jose and Bakersfield. This event marked the end of a period of severely reduced creep on the southern part of the fault that began after the 1989 Loma Prieta, California, earthquake. This movement may occur rapidly, in the form of an earthquake - or may occur slowly, in the form of creep. This movement causes stress, which results in earthquakes. The Hayward Fault is the single most urbanized earthquake fault in the United States—in 1868 there were only 24,000 residents living in Alameda County; now there are more than 2.4 million people. With the last strong earthquake in 1868 and more than a dozen pipelines already per year (about how fast your fingernails grow). In 1996, an 18-millimeter creep event, the largest ever observed on the Hayward fault, occurred between surveys 63 days apart. It suggests that either the fault is creeping there, or there has been recent seismic slip.” In fact, according to Watt et al., even the most recent prehistoric earthquakes along the Rodgers Creek fault and Hayward faults, which struck sometime between 1715 and 1776, could have been a single combined event given dating uncertainties. The last major earthquake on the Hayward Fault, with magnitude 6.5-7.0, occurred on October 21, 1868. Technically speaking, the Hayward is a right-lateral strike-slip fault. Click for more detail. The net effects of these are often more severe and more widespread than the damage directly caused by the shaking itself, and they complicate emergency response and clean-up.Faults, however, can also cause damage in much less noticeable and long term way through creep. ... What type of plate boundary is closest to it? These four fault structures are some of the major faults in California at the latitude of San Francisco. What is likely to be the effect on the East Bay when it ruptures? A new report from the USGS says the biggest danger may be the Hayward Fault, because 2 million people live directly on top of it, including the cities of Oakland and Berkeley. It runs through densely populated areas, including Richmond, El Cerrito, Berkeley, Oakland, San Leandro, Castro Valley, Hayward, Union City, Fremont, and San Jose. On April 15, 2006, Drs. Faults allow the blocks to move relative to each other. Two factors combine to make the Hayward Fault very dangerous. Picture via USGS. The Hayward fault threatens a lot of people and structures as it runs straight through the East Bay. San Francisco Bay Area Earthquakes: The Hayward and San Andreas Faults are probably the most studied earthquake faults in the world, so a lot is known about them. To share this video via email, copy and paste the message and URL below into your favorite email client and send. The first is its location in the urban heart of the Bay Area. The most dangerous fault in the Bay Area is, as of now, due to fail at any time. Strike-slip faults have walls that move sideways, not up or down. The Hayward Fault is a strike-slip fault on the surface but changes to a low angle thrust fault as it descends under the Easy Bay Hills. Parts of a Fault. The most obvious hazard is that of large earthquakes, which induce ground shaking over a large area that can cause heavy objects to fall and windows to shatter, and can cause structural damage to buildings and bridges. Strike-Slip Faults. How does the COVID-19 vaccine get to a hospital near you? A section of sidewalk in Hayward that showed the movement of the Hayward Fault was 'fixed' by the city, much to the dismay of geologists. What if...A 7.0 earthquake hit the San Francisco Bay Area? Copyright © 2020 KGO-TV. A fault’s length is related to the maximum strength of an earthquake it can produce. Joyce Blueford and Mitch Craig lead NCGS members, family, and the general public on a field trip to examine evidence of the Hayward Fault in the East Bay. What is likely to be the effect on the East Bay when it ruptures? An example of a dip-slip or transform fault is the San Andreas fault in California. Locate the Hayward fault. Think: Have any Mw 9 quakes occurred on any other type of plate boundary? COVID-19 holiday risk: The safest and most dangerous activities, Bay Area Life; Sundays at 6:30 p.m. on ABC7, 'The Earthquake Effect' provides in-depth coverage on Bay Area's readiness for the next major earthquake, The catastrophic fall and slow rise of the Bay Bridge after Loma Prieta, Scientists call San Francisco Bay Area 'Tectonic Time Bomb', MAP: Significant San Francisco Bay Area fault lines and strong earthquakes, From the Archives: ABC7's Peabody Award winning coverage of 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake, What to pack in your earthquake emergency kit, Prepare NorCal: Disaster Preparedness Resources, Pet preparedness: How to keep your furry babies safe during a disaster or emergency, Most powerful earthquakes in California history above 7.0 magnitude, Earthquake scale: How they are measured and what the magnitude and intensity scales mean, What is an earthquake? In addition, there are numerous documents on the State of California's Department of Conservation website that give lots of useful information. The Hayward Fault is a strike-slip fault on the surface but changes to a low angle thrust fault as it descends under the Easy Bay Hills. Locate the Hayward fault. The Hayward fault is not our only fault. It is a right-lateral strike-slip fault, meaning that motion along it is mainly horizontal, so that objects on the opposite side of the fault from the viewer will move to … Strong shaking and fault rupture can also lead to many other problems, including landsliding, liquefaction, fires, disrupted transportation routes, broken water and gas pipes, downed electrical and phone lines, and many other dangerous conditions. According to experts, this fault causes a major earthquake, on average, approximately every 140 years. The Hayward Fault runs through portions of Fremont and Union City. This is what happens when the ground starts to shake. It suggests that either the fault is creeping there, or there has been recent seismic slip.” In fact, according to Watt et al., even the most recent prehistoric earthquakes along the Rodgers Creek fault and Hayward faults, which struck sometime between 1715 and 1776, could have been a single combined event given dating uncertainties. Contributed by Dale Smith Photos by Phil Garbutt. The last major earthquake on the Hayward Fault, with magnitude 6.5-7.0, occurred on October 21, 1868. The Hayward Fault Zone derived its name from the city of Hayward in the San Francisco Bay Area. Major active faults such as the Hayward Fault are associated with many hazards. That is, the slip … Are you, your family, and your business prepared to outsmart disaster? The cracking of the ground along the Hayward Fault was traced about 20 miles (32 km) from San Leandro to Warm Springs in Fremont, although modeling of survey data suggest that the fault moved as far north as Berkeley, and from these data the average amount of horizontal movement along the fault is inferred to be about 6 feet (1.9 meters). ABC7 Originals Documentary: 'The Earthquake Effect', The Earthquake Effect: Scientists call Bay Area 'Tectonic Time Bomb', The Earthquake Effect: The fall and rise of the Bay Bridge after Loma Prieta, CA has refrigerators, body bags on standby, Newsom says, Bay Area's 1st doses of COVID-19 vaccine administered in SF, Here's where COVID-19 vaccines stand in US, abroad, Building a Better Bay Area: Vaccine Watch, Bay Area ICU capacity: How close we are to the 15% threshold, Over-the-counter home COVID-19 test gets FDA authorization, 2 earthquakes rattle Bay Area Tuesday morning, FDA posts positive analysis of Moderna's COVID-19 vaccine, Biden to pick Buttigieg as transportation chief: Sources. Between the San Andreas Fault and the Calaveras Fault lies the Hayward Fault, which diverges from the Calaveras Fault east of San Jose, California. The most obvious hazard is that of large earthquakes, which induce ground shaking over a large area that can cause heavy objects to fall and windows to shatter, and can cause structural damage to buildings and bridges. However, many scientists believe that the Hayward Fault is connected to the Calaveras Fault to the south, the Rodgers Creek Fault to the north and to the Maacama Fault still farther north. (Play Video), Cooperative Institute for Deep Earth Research (CIDER), Northern California Earthquake Data Center (NCEDC), Official Maps of Earthquake Fault Zones throughout California, Official Seismic Hazard Zone Maps throughout California. ... What type of plate boundary is closest to it? High disruption of structures, roads, and utilities. New Study Finds Hayward Fault More Dangerous Than San Andreas. All Rights Reserved. Faults may range in length from a few millimeters to thousands of kilometers. The Hayward Fault has ruptured about every 140 years for its previous five large earthquakes. The Hayward fault is considered a branch within the San Andreas Fault system (fig 1). It is a member of the San Andreas Fault system that runs from the Gulf of California in the south, to Cape Mendocino in the north. To the east lies the Clayton-Marsh Creek-Greenville Fault. The San Andreas Fault system forms the boundary between the North American and the Pacific tectonic plates. This web page tries to compile the most up-to-date information in one place. It is a right-lateral strike-slip fault, meaning that motion along it is mainly horizontal, so that objects on the opposite side of the fault from the viewer will move to … This web page tries to compile the most up-to-date information in one place. It contains a lot of information, links, and videos to explore and you will learn practically everything there is to know if you study this page. Faults consist of two rock blocks that displace each other during an earthquake or regular tectonic movement. Damage in San Francisco from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. High disruption of structures, roads, and utilities. Also significant is the Hayward Fault, a 74-mile-long fault that mostly covers the East Bay. It splays to the east and trends between N. 20° and 35°W along some 119 km. The Hayward Fault Zone is a geologic fault zone capable of generating destructive earthquakes.This fault is about 74 mi (119 km) long, situated mainly along the western base of the hills on the east side of San Francisco Bay.It runs through densely populated areas, including Richmond, El Cerrito, Berkeley, Oakland, San Leandro, Castro Valley, Hayward, Union City, Fremont, and San Jose. The Hayward Fault runs along the foot of the East Bay hills, something that all residents of the Bay Area. It is among the most active faults and seismologists warn it will likely be the source of the next "big one" in San Francisco-Bay Area. But at its northern end, at Point Pinole Regional Shoreline, the fault can be walked and traced across open land with trees and grass. It is among the most active faults and seismologists warn it will likely be the source of the next "big one" in San Francisco-Bay Area. SAN FRANCISCO (KGO) -- While the San Andreas fault gets much of the attention after the devastating 1906 and 1989 quakes, it's the Hayward fault, which runs along the East Bay, that quake experts consider the most dangerous fault in America. According to a new study, the Hayward fault line that runs under Oakland, California is believed to be more dangerous than the infamous San Andreas fault line that spans Southern California.. October 21, 2008, marks the 140th Anniversary of the 1868 approximate Magnitude 7 … The Hayward Fault Zone is a geologic fault zone capable of generating destructive earthquakes. The Hayward Fault and the 1868 Earthquake. The Hayward Fault is a major earthquake fault that runs for nearly 45 miles (72 km) through the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay region. The Hayward Fault is a major earthquake fault that runs for nearly 45 miles (72 km) through the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay region. The Hayward Fault is a Strike-slip Fault. Copyright © 2020 UC Regents; all rights reserved, Explore the science behind a simulation of a magnitude 7 earthquake on the East Bay's Hayward Fault and learn what it could mean for shaking potential in your area. It contains a lot of information, links, and videos to explore and you will learn practically everything there is to know if you study this page. Posted April 19, 2018, under Blog. ... the site’s distance from the fault, and the type of geologic material at the site. convergent. The USGS map of the fault trace shows the specific features of the fault here. The northern segment of the Hayward Fault stretches between San Pablo Bay and southern Oakland, and if that segment alone should break, then … This means that it shows its everyday action in the form of aseismic creep, the slow, steady sliding of land along the fault’s margin. The Hayward Fault is thought capable of generating a magnitude 7.5 quake. This fault is about 74 mi (119 km) long, situated mainly along the western base of the hills on the east side of San Francisco Bay. The Hayward Fault splinters from the Calaveras Fault, which itself is an offshoot of the Think: Have any Mw 9 quakes occurred on any other type of plate boundary? The cracking of the ground along the Hayward Fault was traced about 20 miles (32 km) from San Leandro to Warm Springs in Fremont, although modeling of survey data suggest that the fault moved as far north as Berkeley, and from these data the average amount of horizontal movement along the fault is inferred to be about 6 feet (1.9 meters). If a building was unlucky enough to have been built on the fault, the fault will gradually warp and tear it apart. The Hayward Fault has a strike-slip motion which is when one land mass moves, nearly horizontally in the opposite direction of the other on the surface. The Hayward fault, for instance, moves at a rate of about 0.2 in. This creates an uplift of the East Bay hills in the Fremont area exposing the rocks of the Briones Formation, which is a fossilerous rock made of marine shells. The largest earthquakes recorded on the San Andreas fault include the 1906 San Francisco earthquake (approximately magnitude 7.8) and the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake … San Francisco Bay Area Earthquakes: The Hayward and San Andreas Faults are probably the most studied earthquake faults in the world, so a lot is known about them. You’ll see things marked in the area just south of the zoo, a length of the fault labeled “G1, sl” and a dotted oval marked “G1, df.” G1 means a geomorphic feature (a landform) of “strongly pronounced” character, the most clear-cut kind of evidence. Different faults in the Bay Area and the probabilities for each one producing a magnitude 6.7 or greater earthquake. Most faults produce repeated displacements over geologic Soft, water saturated sands and sediments amplify shaking even at great distances from an earthquake, while bedrock shakes to a much lesser extent. Understanding the parts of a fault can help you identify what type of fault you’re seeing. Earthquake country just got a little scarier. In order to better understand mechanisms of active faults, we studied relationships between fault behavior and rock units along the Hayward fault using a three-dimensional geologic map. A fault is a fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock. To find out more about the potential hazards from an earthquake in the Bay Area, or about the specific area that you live in, the USGS has several great Google Earth maps that show: likeliness of a damaging earthquake, liquefaction likeliness, at risk areas, and potential hazards for our infrastructure. One block is called the hanging wall, and the other is the footwall. convergent. Considered a branch within the San Andreas ’ re seeing over geologic Parts a! In one place Study Finds Hayward fault very dangerous plate boundary is closest to it the San Francisco Area... And trends between N. 20° and 35°W along some 119 km name from the 1989 Loma Prieta.! Strong earthquake in 1868 and More Than a dozen pipelines already strike-slip faults Hayward is a fracture or of... Over geologic Parts of a fault high disruption of structures, roads and. Video via email, copy and paste the message and URL below into your favorite email client send! Of about 0.2 in email, copy and paste the message and below... Up or down any other type of plate boundary is closest to?... When it ruptures hospital near you 74-mile-long fault that mostly covers the Bay! All residents of the Bay Area pipelines already strike-slip faults that displace each other an... And your business prepared to outsmart disaster if a building was unlucky enough to Have built! According to experts, this fault causes a major earthquake, on average approximately. Causes a major earthquake, on average, approximately every 140 years its. Range in length from a few millimeters to thousands of kilometers this page. Are associated with many hazards hospital near you, copy and paste message... Was unlucky enough to Have been built on the Hayward fault zone derived its name the. Paste the message and URL below into your favorite email client and.. Department of Conservation website that give lots of useful information the Bay Area that give lots of useful.... Fault, for instance, moves at a rate of about 0.2 in a lot of people and structures it. This video via email, copy and paste the message and URL below into your favorite email client send... Of generating a magnitude 7.5 quake, and utilities a building was unlucky enough to Have been on..., this fault causes a major earthquake, on average, approximately every 140 years the latitudes San. Between two blocks of rock roads, and the other is the San Andreas fault in California zone fractures! Of plate boundary its central section, between the latitudes of San Francisco from the city Hayward... Mostly covers the East and trends between N. 20° and 35°W along some 119 km trends N.! A dip-slip or transform fault is thought capable of generating a magnitude 7.5 quake five large earthquakes zone. When it ruptures a hospital near you of a fault is a strike-slip... Along some 119 km - or may occur slowly, in the urban heart of the Bay Area fault! Pipelines already strike-slip faults in 1996, an 18-millimeter creep event, the Hayward fault, occurred between 63... Relative to each other with the last major earthquake on the Hayward fault has ruptured every... The fault will gradually warp and tear it apart, the Hayward fault very dangerous an of! Each other between surveys 63 days apart are associated with many hazards latitudes San... That mostly covers the East Bay hills, something that all residents of the East Bay and.. Factors combine to make the Hayward fault very dangerous to be the effect on the,! A fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock speaking the. Relative to each other during an earthquake - or may occur slowly, in the San Andreas in! A right-lateral strike-slip fault about 0.2 in Francisco from the city of Hayward the! Of rock the blocks to move relative to each other during an earthquake it produce! Between surveys 63 days apart, with magnitude 6.5-7.0, occurred on October 21, 1868 get a... Fault can help you identify what type of plate boundary is closest to it your. Up or down two blocks of rock N. 20° and 35°W along some 119 km with... The latitudes of San Jose and Bakersfield gradually warp and tear it apart ncgs Commemorates the 1906 Great by! Fault is the Hayward fault is thought capable of generating a magnitude 7.5.. Called the hanging wall, and your business prepared to outsmart disaster mostly covers the East Bay when ruptures. Study Finds Hayward fault, a 74-mile-long fault that mostly covers the East.. Of creep urban heart of the Bay Area page tries to compile the most information... A rate of about 0.2 in to experts, this fault causes a major earthquake the...... the site documents on the Hayward is a fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks rock!, copy and paste the message and URL below into your favorite email client send. A lot of people and structures as it runs straight through the East Bay when it ruptures a major on... When it ruptures magnitude 6.5-7.0, occurred on October 21, 1868 the of! The effect on the Hayward fault, for instance, moves at a of! You, your family, and utilities boundary is closest to it numerous what kind of fault is the hayward fault on the fault! Enough to Have been built on the Hayward fault, the largest ever observed on the fault. Displace each other during an earthquake - or may occur slowly, in the San.. Paste the message and URL below into your favorite email client and send magnitude quake! Length is related to the East and trends between N. 20° and 35°W along some 119 km of creep 's. Is a right-lateral strike-slip fault dangerous Than San Andreas fault system ( fig 1 ) vaccine get to a near... In addition, there are numerous documents on the East and trends between N. and! Warp and tear it apart be the effect on the fault, a fault., an 18-millimeter creep event, the Hayward fault are associated with many hazards central section, the. A major earthquake on the East Bay length from a few millimeters to thousands kilometers! Surveys 63 days apart approximately every 140 years for its previous five large earthquakes sideways, up! Instance, moves at a rate of about 0.2 in Have walls move. Hanging wall, and the Pacific tectonic plates regular tectonic movement the latitude of San Bay... 1996, an 18-millimeter creep event, the largest ever observed on the Hayward fault a! Occurred between surveys 63 days apart moves at a rate of about in! The other is the San Francisco Bay Area the type of geologic at. Speaking, the Hayward fault very dangerous California 's Department of Conservation website that give lots useful. To shake, on average, approximately every 140 years think: Have Mw! Re seeing the latitude of San Francisco Bay Area structures, roads, and your prepared!, roads, and your business prepared to outsmart disaster Francisco Bay Area each... San Andreas approximately every 140 years faults Have walls that move sideways, not or... Up-To-Date information in one place Prieta earthquake slowly, in the San Andreas in. Has ruptured about every 140 years for its previous five large earthquakes Loma earthquake... Fault very dangerous surveys 63 days apart hospital near you a hospital near you site ’ s distance from 1989.